aTags about ethnopharmacological findings
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| "Magnolia officinalis extract had an affinity with adenosine A(1) receptors and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor." (Source) |
| "Chronic stress in rats caused a reduction in sensitivity to reward and a decrease in mRNA levels of CAM-L1, laminin, and BDNF, together with a decrease in protein levels of phosphorylated CREB and BDNF. Repeated administration of 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose, a compound found in Polygala tenuifolia, reversed stress-induced alterations in sucrose consumption and these target mRNA and protein levels." (Source) |
| "3,6'-Disinapoyl sucrose, a component from roots of Polygala tenuifolia, improved the reward reaction as measured by increasing sucrose consumption, remarkably reduced serum CORT, ACTH and CRH levels in the CMS-treated rats. In addition, it enhanced the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA. These results indicated that the antidepressant effects of Disinapoyl sucrose in chronically stressed animals might relate to the modulating effects on the HPA axis." (Source) |
| "Polygala tenuifolia can up-regulate the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA to promote the recovery of the neurons from chronic stress-induced damages and produces anti-depressant effect." (Source) |
| "osthole or imperatorin, two active compounds of Cnidium monnieri facilitate glutamate release from nerve terminals by positively modulating N-and P/Q-type Ca(2) channel activation through a signaling cascade involving PKC." (Source) |
| "Down-regulation of CRF gene transcription by psoralidin may be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying its potent antidepressant effect" (Source) |
| "psoralidin significantly increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in various brain regions, as well as, changed dopamine (DA) levels in striatum in mice exposed to FST. Psoralidin also ameliorated the elevations in serum corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrenal corticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations induced by swimming stress in mice. These results suggested that psoralidin possessed potent antidepressant-like properties that were mediated via the monoamine neurotransmitter and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis systems." (Source) |
| "Psoralidin significantly increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in various brain regions, as well as, changed dopamine (DA) levels in striatum in mice exposed to FST. Psoralidin also ameliorated the elevations in serum corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrenal corticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations induced by swimming stress in mice. These results suggested that psoralidin possessed potent antidepressant-like properties that were mediated via the monoamine neurotransmitter and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis systems." (Source) |
| "Total furocoumarin extract from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia exerted antidepressant effect in mice, inibited monoamine oxidases A and B and blocked elevation of cortisol levels." (Source) |
| "Two compounds found in Psoralea corylifolia, psoralen and isopsoralen, are inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B in rats. The inhibition of MOA-A is non-competitive, the inhibition of MOA-B is competitive." (Source) |
| "Dioscorea opposita reversed scopolamine-induced spatial learning and memory deficits in mice." (Source) |
| "Constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, liquiritin and isoliquiritin, produced significant antidepressant-like effects, and their mechanism of action may be due to increased 5-HT and NE in the mouse hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex." (Source) |
| "Astragalus membranaceus could effectively upregulate the IGF-1 expression in the rat model of olivo-cerebellar degeneration, and have neuroprotective effect on inferior olive neurons." (Source) |
| "Codonopsis pilosula total alkaloids potentiate neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells." (Source) |
| "Two compounds isolated from the flowers of Albizzia julibrissin, quercitrin and isoquercitrin have sedative action." (Source) |
| "Albizzia julibrissin has anxiolytic-like effects that are mediated by the changes of the serotonergic nervous system, especially 5-HT1A receptors." (Source) |
| "Zizyphi Spinosi Semen prevents NMDA-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro." (Source) |
| "Huperzine A was the most selective acetylcholinterase inhibitor" (Source) |
| "Extracts from magnolia bark and ginger have synergistic antiedepressant effects in mice" (Source) |
| "Review: Results showed that the Chinese medicine treated group did not decrease the scores of the self-rating depression scale and the scores of the Hamilton depression scale. The results showed there is no evidence to support that traditional Chinese medicine for depression has improved, which may be due to the low quality in all the trials. Therefore, more qualified, randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to assure its efficacy." (Source) |
| "Rehmannia glutinota is of therapeutic value for depression-like disorders, and antioxidation may be one of the mechanisms underlying its antidepressant action" (Source) |
| "Petal of saffron (Crocus sativus) produced a significantly better outcome on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale than placebo. There were no significant differences in the two groups in terms of observed side effects. The results of this study indicate the efficacy of petal of C. sativus in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. A large-scale trial is justified." (Source) |
| "Because no detailed pharmacological studies are available to explain the clinical effects of saffron for the treatment of cancer and depression, receptor binding studies were performed. Saffron extracts and crocetin had a clear binding capacity at the PCP binding side of the NMDA receptor and at the sigma(1) receptor, while the crocins and picrocrocin were not effective. These data could give biochemical support for the pharmacological effects of saffron." (Source) |
| "Total glycosides extract of Paeonia lactiflora alleviates depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress. The antidepressant-like activity of is probably mediated by inhibition of monoamine oxidases and the attenuation of oxidative stress in mouse brain" (Source) |
| "After chronic mild stress: Rhodiola rosea extract could improve 5-HT level in hippocampus in depressive rats, and could induce neural stem cell proliferation at hippocampus to return to normal level." (Source) |
| "Albizzia julibrissin bark has anxiolytic effects in mice. This effect is abolished by a 5-HT(1A/1B) antagonis." (Source) |
| "Albizzia julibrissin has antidepressant effect in mice. This effect might be mediated vie the 5-HT1A receptor system." (Source) |
| "Common flowering quince is the fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. It is a selective, potent dopamine transport inhibitor and has antiparkinsonian-like effects" (Source) |
| "Nardostachys jatamansi inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B" (Source) |
| "Safflower (HH), the dry flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., has long been used to empirically treat neuropsychological disorders such as stroke and major depression in traditional Chinese medicine" (Source) |
| "Safflower (the dry flower of Carthamus tinctorius) extracts functionally regulate monoamine transporters." (Source) |
| "Caulis Sinomenii extracts activate DA/NE transporter and inhibit 5HT transporter" (Source) |
| "By blocking NMDA ion channels without psychotomimetic side-effects, HUP-A may protect against diverse neurodegenerative states observed during ischemia or Alzheimer's disease" (Source) |
| "Evodia rutaecarpa (Rutaceae) is used in TCM for cardiotonic, restorative and analgesic effects" (Source) |
| "Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae) has been used in TCM for several conditions. A methanol extract fraction of C. chinensis, jatrorrhizine and berberine are MAO inhibitors [Kong et al], indicating potential antidepressant activity, and C. chinensis and some alkaloids isolated from this plant (berberine, coptisine and palmatine) are reported to be anti-Cholinesterase" (Source) |
| "In TCM, Codonopsis pilosula (Campanulaceae) root is used for various disorders including amnesia, and is believed to promote blood circulation and enhance vitality" (Source) |
| "Biota orientalis (Coniferae) is used in TCM for insomnia and amnesia" (Source) |
| "A crude alcoholic extract of Angelica archangelica (Umbelliferae), which has been used in TCM for cerebral diseases, displaced nicotine binding to nicotine receptors in a concentration-dependent manner, but it is unknown if this effect was due to agonistic or antagonistic binding" (Source) |
| "Salvia miltiorrhiza root may inhibit neuronal cell death by inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release" (Source) |
| "Salvia miltiorrhiza prescribed in TCM to stabilise the heart and calm nerves. Official indications for the root include treatment of blood circulation disorders, insomnia, neurasthenia and alleviation of inflammation." (Source) |
| "Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae) root is used in TCM as a cardiotonic and cerebrotonic, as a sedative and tranquilliser, and for amnesia, neuritis and insomnia" (Source) |
| "Honokiol and magnolol (found in Magnolia officinalis) increased ChAT activity and inhibited AChE activity in vitro, and increased hippocampal ACh release in vivo" (Source) |
| "The bark of the root and stem of Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae) has been used in TCM to treat anxiety and nervous disturbances." (Source) |
| "Galantamine is reported to be more selective for AChE than BuChE, and provides complete oral bioavailability" (Source) |
| "Galantamine is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb L. radiata Herb" (Source) |
| "Huperzine A, isolated from H. serrata (Lycopodiaceae)inhibits AChE in vitro and in vivo" (Source) |
| "The prescription Qian Ceng Ta has been used in TCM to alleviate problems of memory loss and H. serrata (from which Qian Ceng Ta is prepared) is used in TCM for promoting circulation, for fever and for inflammation." (Source) |
| "The prescription Qian Ceng Ta has been used in TCM to alleviate problems of memory loss and H. serrata (from which Qian Ceng Ta is prepared) is used in TCM for promoting circulation, for fever and for inflammation." (Source) |
| "With reference to the numerous studies conducted, it is apparent that G. biloba may be useful in the treatment of AD symptoms, but further research is necessary to identify appropriate dosing regimens, potential effects of long-term use, interactions with other medicines, and standardisation of extracts must also be a consideration." (Source) |
| "Ginkgolide B from G. biloba is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist" (Source) |
| "Treatment with G. biloba extracts attenuated scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats, enhanced memory retention in both young and old rats and improved short-term memory in mice." (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, and a terpene lactone isolated from it (bilobalide), were protective against ischaemia-induced neuronal death and reductions in mitochondrial gene expression in vivo" (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba extract showed antioxidant activity" (Source) |
| "Favourable effects of Ginkgo biloba have been observed on the muscarinic cholinergic system" (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba: Favourable effects have been observed on cerebral circulation and neuronal cell metabolism" (Source) |
| "G. biloba has also been used traditionally in Iran to improve memory loss associated with blood circulation abnormalities" (Source) |
| "Celastrus paniculatus: The studies conducted to date regarding this plant have not identified the active constituents, nor has any therapeutic potential been established for use in AD patients" (Source) |
| "C. paniculatus was extracted in methanol and evaluated for N-methyl-Image -aspartate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding and nerve growth factor (NGF) effects, but did not show any response. (but this might be different with a lipophilic extract)" (Source) |
| "Celastrus paniculatus: An antioxidant effect in the CNS, observed with an aqueous seed extract, may also explain the reputed benefits on memory, since this extract enhanced cognition in vivo" (Source) |
| "Administration of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil to rats also reversed a scopolamine-induced task deficit, but this effect was not associated with anti-ChE activity" (Source) |
| "When administered orally to rats, the Celastrus paniculatus seed oil decreased levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain, which was correlated with an improvement in learning and memory processes" (Source) |
| "C. paniculatus (Celastraceae) seeds and seed oil have been used in Ayurvedic medicine for “stimulating intellect and sharpening the memory”" (Source) |
| "A consistent neuropathological occurrence associated with memory loss is a cholinergic deficit, which has been correlated with the severity of Alzheimer's Disease" (Source) |
| "Gingko biloba did not significantly affect histopathological and oxidative stress parameters in experimental colitis" (Source) |
| "neither short- or long-term administration of Ginkgo biloba extract alone substantially impacts sexual function in women" (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba extract 761 reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptotic damage in rat hearts and neonatal cardiomyocytes." (Source) |
| "About 20 detailed reports of haemorrhage (usually cerebral, ocular, or postsurgical) in patients using Gingko biloba extracts have been published" (Source) |
| "The results suggest that Ginkgo biloba extract may exert therapeutic activity in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis." (Source) |
| "Contractile Function in Isolated Cardiomyocytes From Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats is improved by Ginkgolide B Pretreatment" (Source) |
| "Experiment with mice transgenic for human Amyloid precursor protein (APP): Long-term treatment (16 months) with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 significantly lowered human APP protein levels by approximately 50% as compared to controls in the cortex but not in the hippocampus. However, APP levels were not affected by EGb761 in young mice." (Source) |
| "Extract of ginkgo biloba promotes the expression of VEGF following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. [...] exerts protective effects on secondary cerebral ischemic injury [...]" (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba treating patients with attention-deficit disorder. [...] During Ginkgo biloba treatment, the patients' mean scores improved significantly overall and in hyperactivity, inattention, and immaturity factors." (Source) |
| "Extract of Ginkgo biloba induces glutathione-S-transferase subunit-P1 in vitro" (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba appears to be safe in use with no excess side effects compared with placebo." (Source) |
| "Ginkgo biloba extract EGb(R)761 exerts anti-angiogenic effects via activation of tyrosine phosphatases" (Source) |
| "Patients with AD and neuropsychiatric features: exploratory findings helped to develop three hypotheses that will have to be proven in further studies: (1) there is no significant difference in the efficiency between the Ginkgo Biloba extract EGb 761(R) and donepezil, (2) a combination therapy will be superior to a mono-therapy with one of both substances and (3) there will be less side effects under a combination therapy than under mono-therapy with donepezil" (Source) |